The 22-year-old has signed a four-year contract with the Bundesliga side.
Reports claim Schulz has joined for a fee reportedly in the region of €4million.
“We have been closely following Nico Schulz’s development in the last few years,” Gladbach sporting director Max Eberl said.
“We are very happy that we have been able to sign him now.
“Nico can play in attack or defence on the left side and is a perfect fit for our squad.”