The Rennes midfielder has recently been strongly linked with a move to Liverpool, but has now instead signed a five-year deal at Newcastle.
“It’s a great coup to have signed Sylvain, who has received interest from a number of other clubs,” said Toon chief Alan Pardew.
“He may not be well known to many of our fans but he is a real talent and a player we have been keeping an eye on for some time.
“It’s been a good couple of days for us on the transfer front.”
Reports on Friday suggested that Marveaux had failed a medical at Liverpool, something that was not the case.
“I do not want to go into details, but I did not sign for Liverpool because there was a contractual disagreement between the parties Thursday night,” he confirmed to L’Equipe.